A combination stretch, rupture, or separation injury of the muscles and supporting ligaments of the lumbosacral spine. A stretching and tearing of spinal muscles and their attachments as a result of uncontrolled movements or direct trauma. Minor muscle strains may result from overuse or repetitive tasks.

Protocol:

1. Ice packs to promote vasoconstriction to decrease inflammation, pain, edema, and muscle spasms.
2. Interferential for pain and edema management.
3. High frequency TENS used in a crossing IF pattern. Used for pain control and increasing levels of endorphins and enkephalins.
4. Short term use of lumbosacral support.
5. Manipulation to help increase the pain free ranges of motion, prevent fibrotic adhesion, decrease pain, and increase facet joint play.
6. Moist hot packs, ultrasound, galvanic, and EMS may be used.